Method of securing tool-handles or the like.



PATENTED APR 4;, 1905.

MKB:

METHOD 0F SEGURING TOOL HNDLBS 0R THE AI??LIGATIOH FLBD JULY 5, 1904.

fno. 786,630.

UNiTnn STATns Patented it ril 'f. i905.

PATENT @Tine-n.

ALFRED lV. COCHRAN, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 786,630, dated April 2, 1905.

Application led July 5, 1904. Serial No. 215,418.

-To all wil/m it may cm2/cern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED W. COCHRAN, a

citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, in the city and county :of New York and State of New York have inlpermeate the pores of the wood and to congeal or solidify therein, ametal which expands when cooled being preferably employed.

The invention also includes the formation of relatively small or capillary openings in the handle, which are additional or supplemental to the natural openings or pores in the wood and increase the amount of surface exposed to the action of the metal, said small :openings being by preference of special vform to insure the proper retention of the handle lwithin the socket. lt will of course be understood that the inyention is of general application and may be employed wherever it is desired to secure a wooden member in a socket. lt may therefore be used to effect a close linien between spokes and feilies er hubs, in forming joints in furniture, and the like.

For the purpose of enabling the invention to be clearly understood l have shown the same in so far as it is capable of illustration in connection with a hammer head and handle.

n the drawings, Figure l is a sectional view, on a somewhat enlarged scale, of a portion of a hammer head and handle, the latter being shown as impregnated with metal which has been forced into its pores and become solidi.- lied therein; Fig. 2, a similar view showing a modilication of the invention; Fig. 3, a top plan View of the head and handle shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a sectional view showing a .still further modification, and Fig. 5 a sectional view of a handle and head with a cup or vessel placed in conjunction therewith for holding the metal as it is being' forced into the handle.

Alt will of course be understood that where the term metal is employed in the description and claims it is intended to cover a pure metal or au alloy or mixture of various metals, and the claims should be so construed.

ln carrying out my invention the handle A, Fig. 1, is inserted into the socket (which is preferably tapered) formed in the head or tool B and cup C, Fig. 5, so placed that the metal l) therein will completely cover the projecting end of the handle. This projecting portion of the handle is subsequently removed, f

rlhe metal or alloy is melted and suiiicient pressure applied thereto to force the molten metal into the pores of the handle. Vlf metal or alloy of a sufiiciently low melting-point be employed, steam under pressure may be used as the medium for melting' as well as for forcing the saine inte the pores of the wood. ln any event the pores should be expanded or opened by the application of steam to the handle or by soaking the saine in hot water in order that the metal may be readily forced into said pores. A metal or alloy which expands upon cooling will, as above noted, preferably be employed, so as to more securely hold the handle in place, the expansion of the metal in the pores causing' the handle to expand or to maintain its expanded condition and closely bind against the walls of the socket. The metal will likewise be forced down into the spaces or pores which are laid open upon the outside of the handle `when it is formed or shaped.

Itis of course conceivable that the wood may be specially treated before it is placed in the socket in such manner as to fully open or clean out the pores, removing therefrom any soluble matter-as, for instance, resin or the like which would naturally tend to obstruct the free passage of the molten er liquid metal into the pores.

ln Figs. 2 and 3 a mcdiiication of the invention is shown wherein a series of capillary or relatively small openings E is formed in the end of the handle, the openings being connected at their inner ends by a cross opening or channel F. The metal, as in the 'form previously described, is forced into said openings and also into the pores at the same time. Vhen cooled or congealed, the metal will expand and likewise cause an expansion oi the handle within the socket.

in Fig. 4 a still further embodiment of the invention is illustrated. inverted wedgeshaped slots or openings G are provided, into which the metal is forced and allowed to harden.

it may he pointed out that when wedges are inserted into the end of the handle, is commonly done, the friction produced in driving the same to place causes the sides of the openings formed by their passage to become smooth, which in time aids in loosening the wedges, while with my invention the pressure employed forces the small particles of metal into the surfaces of the openings, which are thereby roughened, and when the metal has hardened it will be found that the same is firmly secured in place.

instead ot employing the cup shown in Fig. 5 a depression may be hollowed out in the projecting' end of the handle for receiving a sufli cient quantity ot metal, which ma),7 be heated and liorccd into the pores of the handle, as betore described, the projecting end containing the cup-shaped depression being afterward removed. lt is also conceivable that the molten or fluid metal might pass into the pores by gravity or, in other words, filter in.

Various other modifications oi. the invention will suggest themselves, which of course fall within the broad scope of the present case.

@ther substances than metal may be employedvsuch, ior instance, as paraflin, rosin, or the likeefor, in i'act, any substance which may be readily .fused or melted, but which on cooling becomes comparatiifely li rm and solid. The substance should be one which will not evaporate or be injuriously affected by moisture.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim is- 1. rlhe method of securing a wooden memwithin the socket with metal.

2. The method of securing a wooden membei' 1n a socket, which consists 1n iorcingiuid metal into the pores of that portion of the;

member which lies within the socket.

3. The method of securing a wooden member in a socket, which consists in forcing fluid metal, that expands upon hardening, into the pores of the wooden member.

l. The method of securing a wooden member in a socket, which consists in expanding the pores of said wooden member and forcing fluid metal into said open pores. A

5. The method of securing a wooden member in a socket, which consists in opening the pores of the wood and Aforcing iiuid metal, that expands upon cooling, into said open pores.

6. The method of securing handles in tooln heads or the like, which consists in opening or expanding the pores of the handle by the application of heat and forcingiiuid metal into i the pores thus expanded.

7. The method of securing handles in toolheads or the like, which consists in forming a series oi openings in the end ot' thehandle, sub.- jecting said handle to the action of heat, and 't'orcinguid metal into the openings and pores of the handle.

8. The method ot' securing a wooden inember in a socket, which consists in filling the poresof that portion of the member which` lies witlnn the socket with a fluid or molten substance and permitting the same to cool and harden therein.

ln testi rnony whereof I have signed my naine M. FRANois SNowBEn, FRANCIS Porn. 

